# Intro ### What is DeXe DAO Studio? DeXe DAO Studio is a cutting-edge platform designed for the creation and management of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). It serves as a comprehensive solution for users to initiate and operate a DAO with ease. The platform is intuitively designed to cater to both novices and seasoned professionals, emphasizing a user-friendly experience. At the heart of DAO Studio is the facilitation of autonomous governance. It provides a suite of tools that enable varied voting models, token delegations, and the establishment of expert sub-DAOs. Moreover, it offers resources for crafting meta-governance proposals, enhancing the collaborative decision-making process. Built upon the robust foundation of DeXe Protocol, DAO Studio integrates these core functionalities under the oversight of the DeXe DAO. This ensures that the platform operates in harmony with the community’s interests and the principles of decentralized governance. The DAO Studio stands out for its simplicity, adaptability, and its commitment to empowering users with a seamless transition into the era of decentralized organizations. ### What is the DeXe Protocol? The DeXe Protocol is a library of smart contracts that serves as the technical backbone for DAOs. It provides a structured set of tools and frameworks essential for the efficient operation of decentralized organizations. With this protocol, DAOs can deploy governance models that emphasize transparency and collective decision-making. This protocol is the foundational layer that supports the DeXe DAO Studio. It offers the necessary infrastructure for DAO creation, management, and participation. By focusing on the functional aspects, such as contract libraries and governance frameworks, DeXe Protocol equips users with the concrete means to facilitate and engage with decentralized governance. ### DeXe DAO Studio is for: #### Entrepreneurs and Startups Entrepreneurs, planning to launch a blockchain-based startup, can use DeXe DAO Studio to create a DAO that aligns with their business model. For example, an entrepreneur could use the platform to issue governance tokens, enabling token holders to vote on key business decisions, such as product features or budget allocations. #### Community Leaders Community leaders seeking a more democratic and transparent way to manage their groups can establish a DAO. With DeXe DAO Studio, a community leader can set up decision-making processes that allow members to propose, vote on, and implement community initiatives. #### Traditional Organizations An established company aiming to decentralize its decision-making process can use DeXe DAO Studio to create a DAO structure. They could, for instance, convert part of their corporate governance into a DAO, allowing stakeholders to directly influence company policies through proposals and voting. #### Individual Contributors Individuals interested in participating in DAOs can join organizations created on DeXe DAO Studio. They can contribute by voting on proposals, submitting their ideas, or even becoming experts, thus actively shaping the direction of the DAOs. \
# Creating a DAO. Getting started ## Why create DAO on DeXe DAO Studio? DeXe DAO Studio is an innovative platform designed to streamline the creation and governance of decentralized autonomous organizations. It provides a comprehensive suite of tools and services that enable groups to establish and manage a DAO from start to finish. When you use DeXe DAO Studio, you will come across the following features: * **Multifunctionality** - Provides a diverse array of governance tools and services for every need * **Convenience** - User-friendly UI, no-code tools, and integrated analytics * **Proposal Discussions With Notifications** - Use convenient notifications integrated into proposals to make sure you don't miss anything important * **Professional Treasury Management** - Safely link treasures to any DeFi protocol, enabling seamless interaction as they function like wallets across all protocols * **Unified On-chain/Off-chain Governance** - Utilize transparent, secure on-chain treasury management, coupled with free off-chain governance all in one place * **Treasury Fundraising** - Fundsales can be configured with vesting periods, cliffs to restrict token access, and whitelists to control participant eligibility * **Customizable Governance Processes** - Customize parameters for each proposal type in DAO creation for flexible voting rules and procedures It gives you the power to easily establish real-world decentralized organizations. Check out this video for a walkthrough of building a DAO: {% embed url="" %} **DeXe DAO Studio gives you the power to easily establish real-world decentralized organizations. Check out this video for a walkthrough of building a DAO on DeXe DAO Studio.** {% endembed %} ## What You Can Do With DeXe DAO Studio There are no limitations on the types of DAOs you can create. Some examples include: * Investment DAOs * Creator Collectives * Distributed Teams * Communities * Protocol Governance * Charities And many more use cases. The technical documentation will walk you through setting up rules, membership, voting systems, treasury management, and other important parts of your DAO. Let's get started building your decentralized future! But how can you do it right now? Let's take a look at how to create your own DAO with DeXe DAO Studio! ## How to Create a DAO on DeXe DAO Studio Follow these simple steps to conveniently create your own customized DAO with DeXe DAO Studio: ### Step 1: Launch DeXe DAO Studio

First, go to [DeXe.io](https://www.dexe.io/) and click "Launch App" to open the DeXe DAO Studio web application. You'll see a homepage listing DAOs created by other users. You can also use a [direct link](https://app.dexe.io/) to the web application. ### Step 2: Connect Your Crypto Wallet

To get started, click the "Connect Wallet" button in the top right corner. You'll need to connect a wallet like MetaMask or WalletConnect to interact with the platform.

Before initiating the transaction, make sure to review and agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Then confirm the connect operation in your crypto wallet. ### Step 3: Select a Blockchain Network Next, choose which blockchain network you want to build your DAO on. Various options like BSC20 will be available from the network dropdown menu at the top of the screen. You can always test all features for free by creating a test DAO on the test network.

Select your preferred network - this is where your DAO's treasury will be held. ### Step 4: Create Your DAO

Finally, click the "Create a DAO" button to open the no-code DAO builder. This is where you'll customize all aspects of your DAO. The step-by-step builder will guide you through: * [Set up the basic settings for your DAO.](/creating-a-dao.-getting-started/1.-create-dao.-basic-dao-settings) * [Define governance options.](/creating-a-dao.-getting-started/2.-create-dao.-governance-options) * [Create your own token from scratch or add an existing one.](/creating-a-dao.-getting-started/3.-create-dao.-create-own-token) * [Specify parameters for voting.](/creating-a-dao.-getting-started/4.-create-dao.-voting-parameters) * [Configure validator settings and create their own token.](/creating-a-dao.-getting-started/5.-create-dao.-validators-settings) * [Finally, launch your own DAO into operation.](/creating-a-dao.-getting-started/6.-create-dao.-summary) # 0. Create DAO. Create and test for free. Testnet A Step-by-Step Guide to Creating and Testing Your Decentralized Autonomous Organization for Free Are you eager to unleash the full potential of your DAO, but worried about the costs of gas on the blockchain? Fear not! We've got you covered. In this tutorial, we'll show you how to create and test your DAO using the BNB Smart Chain testnet, completely free of charge. But first, let's talk about testnets. These special networks are designed to help developers, testers, and users like you try out their products without breaking the bank. And to make it even more convenient, there are faucets that give you free test tokens: including BNB — to use as payment for gas fees. DeXe DAO Studio supports BNB Smart chain testnet as a test network. All features are available on the testnet as well as on the mainnet, we recommend testing your DAO, setup, quorums, voting delegations on the testnet first, and then using the mainnet and real assets. In this tutorial, we will show the process of getting BNB tokens via a faucet in the BSC network. {% hint style="info" %} tBNB has no financial value and cannot be traded at a real price, given its unlimited supply, which exclusively serves test and development purposes. {% endhint %} ## How to get test tokens

**Step 1:** Go to ![](https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/SD0EwYRV_TXTeayNk41YQOGITOzuoRCqRFiIwaQfvouraeQqFUUpBYDN6nB4OtRuKMgw_eD11ksa_eJ5HVfLpgIs2zNMCQDSv0SLgKfF2_Vo-Za9gyb7Jaz6aclJCMDiwcEafDOMQFZcOu4TCHCpgiY) **Step 2:** Copy your wallet address. In Metamask this can be done by clicking the “copy” button.

**Step 3:** Enter your address, click “send 0.3 BNB”, then go through the captcha.

Congratulations, you got 0.3 test BNBs! {% hint style="info" %} You can get the next 0.3 test BNBs after 24 hours. {% endhint %} ## How to use testnet in DeXe DAO Studio Are you ready to take your decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) to the next level? But before you can do that, you need to test and refine your DAO's configuration, setup, and functionality. That's where the BNB Smart Chain testnet comes in. In this tutorial, we'll show you how to use the testnet in DeXe DAO Studio to create and test your DAO without breaking the bank. With this step-by-step guide, you'll be able to: * Get your hands on free BNB tokens using a faucet * Set up your DAO's configuration, including quorums, voting delegations, and more * Test your DAO on the BNB Smart Chain testnet * Refine your DAO's functionality and performance By following the provided guidance, you'll be able to create your own DAO or test an existing one in the BNB Smart Chain testnet environment, completely free of charge. #### Step 1: Launch DeXe DAO Studio

Embark on your DAO creation journey by opening the DeXe DAO Studio. You can do this by following these simple steps: * Head to [DeXe.io](http://dexe.io) and click on the "Launch App" button to open the DeXe DAO Studio web application. You'll see a homepage listing DAOs created by other users. * Alternatively, you can use a[ direct link](https://app.dexe.io/) to the web application, which is available on our website. Once you've launched the web application, you'll be greeted with a homepage that showcases a list of DAOs created by other users. This is a great way to get inspiration and see what others have built with DeXe DAO Studio! #### Step 2: Connect Your Crypto Wallet

To begin your DAO creation journey, click on the “Connect Wallet” button located in the top-right corner of the DeXe DAO Studio web application. By connecting your wallet, you'll be able to access the various features and tools available in DeXe DAO Studio, including the ability to create and manage your DAO, as well as interact with other users and their DAOs. {% hint style="info" %} Make sure to connect your wallet with your test BNBs. You can use a testnet wallet like MetaMask or a cryptocurrency exchange that provides test BNBs. This will ensure that you have a sufficient amount of test BNBs to pay for gas fees during your testing process. {% endhint %}

To ensure a seamless and secure experience, DeXe DAO Studio requires you to review and agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy before initiating the transaction. Once you have reviewed and agreed to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy, you will be prompted to confirm the connect operation in your crypto wallet. {% hint style="info" %} Before proceeding, please take a moment to review the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy carefully. This will help you understand the terms and conditions of using DeXe DAO Studio, including your rights and responsibilities as a user. {% endhint %} #### Step 3: Select a Blockchain Network

You're now ready to create your own decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) on the DeXe DAO Studio platform. To get started, select the BNB Smart Chain testnet and create your [own DAO](https://docs.dexe.io/creating-a-dao.-getting-started) or test an existing one in the testnet completely free of charge. From here, you're just one step away from creating your own DAO. So, what are you waiting for? [Let's get started!](https://app.dexe.io/dao/list/top) # 1. Create DAO. Basic DAO Settings After clicking "Create a DAO", you will first specify some basic parameters that will be displayed in your DAO's profile. Here, you can customize the appearance and provide important information, documents, and links for your members. On this main page, you'll describe your DAO for participants, giving them key details that will always be at their fingertips. You can change all of these details later on except for the DAO name and governance token. ### Step 1: Set Up Your DAO's Profile

First, upload a profile image to represent your DAO visually. Next, choose a name for your DAO. Then provide a description of your DAO's mission, values, and goals to introduce it to potential members. {% hint style="success" %} You can always change all details except the DAO name in the future. This will be done through proposals and voting. {% endhint %} ### Step 2: Add Direct Contacts

Optionally, you can create a database of direct contacts for your DAO by linking official brand representative profiles from various platforms like Discord, Facebook, Telegram, and others. This is essential to ensure the authenticity of the created DAO for your users. Don't forget to leave a link to the created DAO in these profiles to further strengthen trust from the community. ### Step 3: Upload Important Documents

Here, you can publish legal and regulatory documents associated with your DAO. For example: * Security policies * Codes of conduct * Memorandums * Whitepapers * Community guidelines {% hint style="info" %} Only upload publicly accessible information. Documents with confidential data like personal details should not be shared here unless explicit consent has been obtained. {% endhint %} That covers the basic settings - your DAO's profile is now ready! Next, we'll dive into configuring detailed governance rules and options. # 2. Create DAO. Governance options On the Governance tab, you'll configure the governance token that controls voting rights and governance in your DAO. ### Step 1: Enable/Disable BAB Token (Optional)

You can opt to require the Binance Account Bound (BAB) token in addition to your governance token. This helps prevent sybil attacks from users with multiple accounts. A Soulbound token is a non-transferable digital token that represents your personal achievements, affiliations, and experiences. Unlike regular NFTs, SBTs cannot be sold or traded, serving as verifiable proof of your skills, education, or community memberships in the emerging "Decentralized Society". We recommend leaving this disabled if you are unfamiliar with it. No worries - you can always enable it later through a proposal if your DAO decides it is needed. ### Step 2: Select a Governance Token

{% hint style="warning" %} Please note - the governance token cannot be changed after your DAO is created. So choose wisely. {% endhint %} A governance token represents voting power in your DAO. Members must hold your governance token to create proposals and vote on issues. You can either choose an existing ERC-20 token as your governance token, or create a new one. The options are: * Use an existing ERC-20 token: Enter the contract address of any ERC-20 token you want to use for governance. * Create new ERC-20 token: Click "Create" to generate a new ERC-20 token contract that will serve as your governance token. Creating a new Token will open a separate page, but your DAO setup progress will be saved. {% hint style="info" %} Creating a new Token will open a separate page, but your DAO setup progress will be saved. {% endhint %} ### Step 3: Add an NFT as a Governance Token (Optional)

Your DAO can also use NFTs (non-fungible tokens) for governance. Toggle the switch to "On" and enter the contract address of an ERC-721 NFT Collection you want to use. You can decide how much influence this NFT has in votes. Using NFTs enables creative governance mechanisms like allowing token holders to vote on behalf of the DAO. {% hint style="info" %} You can always add an NFT as a Governance Token later. {% endhint %} With your governance tokens configured, your DAO's voting rights are now established. # 3. Create DAO. Create own token If you've chosen to create a new token for your DAO's governance, this page will allow you to create a custom token from scratch. Creating your own token on DeXe DAO Studio is quick and easy with an intuitive interface. ### Step 1: Name Your Token

First, enter a name and symbol for your new token. For example: * Name: DEXE * Symbol: DEXE {% hint style="info" %} The Token Name and Symbol cannot be changed later. {% endhint %} ### Step 2: Configure Token Distribution

Next, define the initial tokenomics: * Total Supply: The number of tokens to be minted. This is the maximum supply. * Treasury: The portion of tokens held by your DAO's treasury. * Distributed to Members: Tokens that will go to your founding members. {% hint style="danger" %} Remember to reserve enough for core members to reach voting quorums when distributing tokens. Allocating all tokens to the treasury means losing governance control. {% endhint %} ### Step 3: Allocate Tokens

You can distribute tokens to specific wallet addresses immediately after creating the token. Enter each recipient's address and amount of tokens they will receive. There is no need to type each one - you can upload a CSV list, too. {% hint style="info" %} Please note this distribution cannot be reversed. Double-check your allocations. {% endhint %} That's it - your custom governance token is now ready to deploy. Specified recipients will receive voting power immediately upon distribution, enabling prompt participation in governance. # 4. Create DAO. Voting Parameters On this page, you can configure your DAO's voting system and governance model. The voting setup determines how decisions are made in your organization. ### Step 1: Choose a Governance Model

First, select a governance model: * **Linear** - Simple 1 token = 1 vote system. Best for smaller DAOs without complex needs. * **Meritocratic** - Weighted voting that considers expertise. Counters consolidation of power and enhances community governance. This is a unique system made by DeXe DAO and is only used by them. You'll understand exactly how it works by reading the whitepaper. * **Custom** - Integrate a custom contract for advanced customized voting logic. You can learn more about them through the [link.](/voting-logic) ### Step 2: Enable/Disable Vote Delegation

Next, decide if members can[ delegate their votes ](/delegated-governance)to others. Enabling delegation allows members to assign their voting power to trusted experts or advisors in the community, facilitating better decision-making by leveraging their expertise. This also saves time and gas fees, while members retain the ability to withdraw delegated votes anytime. {% hint style="success" %} We recommend enabling delegation for more decentralized and efficient governance. {% endhint %} ### Step 3: Enable Early Vote Completion

You have the option to enable early completion of votes once quorum is reached. If enabled, voting will end immediately when the minimum quorum threshold is hit, without waiting for the full duration. For example, if your quorum is 50% and duration is 7 days: * Without early completion: Voting continues for the full 7 days even if quorum is reached on day 2. * With early completion: Voting ends as soon as ≥50% participate, like on day 3. Enabling early completion can accelerate decision-making since votes finish faster when quorum is achieved ahead of schedule. However, there are some tradeoffs: * Members have less time to change their minds or switch votes. * Discussions may be cut short before everyone has fully debated. * When voting rewards are enabled, it will not burn extra tokens. Ultimately, it depends on your DAO's needs. Faster-moving organizations may benefit from ending votes early when possible. But other DAOs may prefer giving the full pre-defined duration for decisions. {% hint style="info" %} We recommend enabling early completion for flexibility. But you can always disable it later through governance proposals if your DAO decides it needs more discussion time. {% endhint %} ### Step 4: Set Voting Rules

This section allows you to define key parameters of your DAO's voting process: * **Quorum** – The quorum is the minimum percentage of voting power needed to accept or reject a proposal. For example, setting a 50% quorum means at least 50% of voting power must participate for the vote to count. Aim for a quorum that's high enough to represent the community, but not so high it's difficult to achieve. Between 30-50% is a good starting point for most DAOs. You can adjust the quorum later through governance if needed. Higher quorums enhance decentralization but may stall proposals. * **Duration** – The duration sets how long the voting period will last for regular proposals. Choose a duration that gives members reasonable time to review proposals, discuss, and vote. Common ranges are 3-7 days. Shorter durations accelerate decision-making, while longer ones allow more discussion. Consider your community's needs. Like quorum, you can modify the duration through governance after launch. * **Execution Delay** – The execution delay sets a buffer between the end of voting and proposal execution. For example, a 1-day delay means the proposal can't be executed until 1 day after voting concludes. The delay provides a grace period for members to exit the DAO if they disagree with the outcome. Set this just long enough for members to react but not so long it stalls execution. {% hint style="info" %} Secure enough votes for a quorum in your DAO to enable customization and governance. Start with smaller values and increase gradually over time. {% endhint %} ### Step 5: Set Minimums

This section allows you to define the minimum number of votes members must hold to: * Create proposals * Participate in votes * View and comment on proposals Setting minimums helps prevent spam and ensure meaningful engagement. #### Proposal Creation Minimum This sets how many votes a member needs to be able to create a proposal. Requiring even just 1 or 2 votes ensures members have skin in the game before proposing changes. You want active participation, but avoid setting this so high it limits community voices. #### Voting Minimum This defines the minimum votes required to actually cast a vote on proposals. Again, even a 1 vote minimum helps prevent bots/spam votes while still allowing broad participation. Balance keeping voting accessible with making sure voters are real stakeholders. #### Discussion Minimum Finally, the discussion minimum sets how many votes are needed to view and comment on proposals. This minimum can be set lower than voting, since you want wide discussion even from members with fewer votes. Setting some minimum helps limit spam comments from members with zero stake. {% hint style="info" %} Tune these thoughtfully to foster an informed, earnest dialogue in your DAO. The minimums add guardrails but can be adjusted later through governance if needed. {% endhint %} ### Step 6: Enable Community Rewards

{% hint style="info" %} You can always set up rewards later by proposals and voting. If you do not wish to add rewards or plan to add them later, enter "0" in all fields on the form. {% endhint %} Enabling community rewards allows your DAO to incentivize participation through token distributions. You can establish rewards for: * **Voting Rewards** – These incentives are awarded to members who vote on accepted proposals. The reward amount is proportional to the member's voting power used. Voting rewards encourage turnout for important decisions. * **Proposal Creation Rewards** – These rewards compensate members who author proposals that get accepted. They incentivize members to contribute ideas and take initiative. You set a fixed token amount per accepted proposal. * **Transaction Execution Rewards** – These offsets the gas costs of executing transactions related to accepted proposals. They ensure active members aren't losing money governing your DAO. You again set a fixed token reward amount per transaction. Consider enabling all three types to engage your community. However, be thoughtful - excessive rewards could incentivize low-value proposals and votes, depleting your DAO's treasury. Make sure to balance the reward amounts to achieve your goals, and leave room to adjust through governance later. Enabling community rewards is powerful, but requires diligence to maximize community benefit sustainably. # 5. Create DAO. Validators settings Validators add an extra layer of security and oversight to your DAO's governance through a secondary vote. Validators are trusted members who vote on proposals after the main community vote. They act like a board of directors, providing an additional safeguard against malicious proposals. Their approval is required for proposals to be executed. Validator votes use a separate validator token, created in the next steps. This token cannot be transferred, keeping the validators fixed. Validators also have special powers like proposing urgent changes without a full vote when needed to maintain the DAO. {% hint style="success" %} You can always set up Validators settings later by proposals and voting {% endhint %} ### Step 1: Create the Validator Token

First, generate a new validator token that your validators will use for voting. This keeps the validator voting power separate from normal governance tokens. ### Step 2: Add Validator Wallets

Distribute your new validator token to the wallets of your chosen validators. You can add validator wallets manually or upload a CSV list. Be sure to double check the addresses. When selecting validators, choose members who: * Have been part of your community for some time * Have subject matter expertise * Have a strong reputation * Will put the DAO's interests first Aim for a diverse set of 5-11 validators to provide a broad perspective. Odd numbers prevent tied votes. Grant each validator an equal portion of the validator token supply to distribute influence evenly. {% hint style="info" %} Note that validators cannot transfer their tokens, so the group is fixed after creation. Carefully choose qualified, responsible members here to uphold standards. Validators are a check and balance on the broader community. {% endhint %} ### Step 3: Configure Validator Voting

Here, set the quorum, duration, and execution delay for the validation vote stage. Validator voting takes effect after the main voting phase. ### Step 4: Validators-Only Proposals parameters

Validators have their own types of proposals that they can conduct without involving the entire DAO. These proposals are essential for managing the DAO's sustainability processes that do not require full DAO participation to avoid slowing down operations. Set the quorum, duration, and execution delay for the Validators-Only Proposals. # 6. Create DAO. Summary

Congratulations, you've now configured all the core settings for your decentralized autonomous organization. On this final page, take a moment to review everything before officially creating your DAO. Double check: * Your DAO's name, image, description * Governance token(s) * Voting parameters and rules * Validator token and group * And more Make sure all the foundational elements align with your vision. If you need to tweak any settings, simply click "Edit" to re-access each section. All your progress is saved, so no need to start over. Once you're ready, click "Create DAO" to officially deploy it to the selected blockchain. {% hint style="info" %} Please note that after DAO creation, most settings can only be changed through community proposals and voting. {% endhint %} This democratic process empowers your members to evolve the DAO together over time. But the core rules and contracts will provide stability amidst that change. With everything set up, it's time to share your DAO with the world. Begin inviting members, proposing ideas, and collectively building your decentralized future. You can now find your DAO on the home page in the list of all DAOs at or your user profile. Start your path to better governance today! # Operating and Governing Your DAO Now that your DAO is successfully created, all further actions and changes will occur through proposals and community voting. In this section, we'll comprehensively cover the tools and processes for operating your DAO. This includes submitting proposals, conducting votes, executing approved actions, and incentivizing participation. Our goal is to provide clarity around the full lifecycle of proposals and decision-making mechanisms within the DeXe DAO Studio platform. We'll walk through each step, from proposal submission to rewarding contributors. With a firm understanding of governance operations, your DAO can smoothly adapt and evolve over time through transparent democratic processes. Let's dive into effectively managing your decentralized organization. ## Proposal Lifecycle Let's examine the lifecycle of a proposal and how it is created, voted on, and executed. This is the fundamental functionality of DeXe DAO Studio, which governs any DAO created using the DeXe Protocol. This circuit was designed to maintain the integrity of the DAO, provide transparency, and ensure that the community's voice is heard and considered in every decision. #### **Initiation** In DeXe DAO Studio, any DAO member holding enough governance tokens can initiate a proposal. This stage introduces new ideas, changes, or improvements to the community. #### **Discussion** DeXe DAO Studio provides a mechanism for discussion through comments in a proposal. Once a proposal has been created, commenting becomes available to other DAO members. An off-chain proposal mechanism is designed to discuss options and verify the DAO members' support before creating an on-chain proposal without spending gas commissions. #### **Voting** Voting Mechanism: Members cast their votes in favor or against the proposal. The DeXe Protocol employs a transparent and secure voting mechanism to ensure that every vote is authenticated and counted. Quorum: Depending on the proposal's nature, different voting quorums might be set. For instance, fundamental changes require a supermajority, while minor adjustments need a simple majority. #### **Implementation** Execution: If the on-chain proposal secures the necessary votes, it moves to the implementation phase. Here, the proposed changes are executed within the protocol. Transparency: Every implementation step is documented and shared with the community. This ensures that the changes align with the proposal's intent and that the community is kept informed. ## Terms and concepts Let's review the basic concepts, a thorough understanding of which is essential for every DAO Contributor. #### **Voting Duration** The duration of the voting period is crucial. It must be long enough to allow all members to participate but short enough to ensure timely decision-making. The standard voting length is determined by the type of proposal, with critical changes often requiring longer voting periods for thorough consideration. #### **Quorums** A quorum is the minimum number of votes required for a proposal to be considered valid. In the DeXe DAO Studio you can set different quorum thresholds based on the proposal's nature and impact. For instance, fundamental changes to the DAO rules can require a higher quorum than regular proposals. #### **Validator Voting** Validators add an extra layer of security and oversight to your DAO's governance through a secondary vote. Validators are trusted members who vote on proposals after the main community vote. They act like a board of directors, providing an additional safeguard against malicious proposals. Their approval is required for proposals to be executed. Validator votes use a separate validator token, created in the next steps. This token cannot be transferred, keeping the validators fixed; validator status can be revoked only by unanimous decision of all other validators. Validators also have special powers like proposing urgent changes without a full vote when needed to maintain the DAO. # Proposals Creation To make proposals in your DAO, you must possess the required amount of governance token(s) or use [meta-governance.](/meta-governance) Check the "Voting Rules" section in your DAO profile for the minimum token balance needed to create proposals. For a quick video tutorial on creating proposals, watch the [3-minute guide](https://youtu.be/-hyXfXbA4PU). {% embed url="" %} ## Create a proposal

To get started, navigate to your DAO's page and click "Create Proposal." In DeXe DAO Studio, we've grouped all common proposal types that help manage DAOs for your convenience. On the proposal creation page, you'll find templates organized into categories. Choose one of the templates or create your own.

## Proposal Templates ### [1. Modify DAO Profile](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/1.-modify-dao-profile#docs-internal-guid-107b2ea2-7fff-469c-9421-d700ac2bdb4f) ### [2. Change Voting Settings](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/2.-change-voting-settings) ### [3. Change Voting Model](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/3.-change-voting-model) ### [4. Token Transfer](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/4.-token-transfer) ### [5. Token Sales](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/5.-token-sales) ### [6. Manage Validators](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/6.-manage-validators) ### [7. Token Allocation for Validators](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/7.-token-allocation-for-validators) ### [8. Blacklist management](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/8.-blacklist-management) ### [9. Reward multiplier NFT](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/9.-reward-multiplier-nft) ### [10. Add Local Experts](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/10.-add-local-experts) ### [11. Remove Local Experts](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/11.-remove-local-experts) ### [12. Delegate tokens](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/12.-delegate-tokens-from-the-treasury) ### [13. Revoke tokens](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/13.-revoke-tokens-to-the-treasury) ### [Off-chain proposals](/operating-and-governing-your-dao/off-chain-proposals)

# 1. Modify DAO Profile ## How to modify DAO Profile: Avatar, Description, Social Media, and Documents

This template allows you to propose updates to your DAO's core profile information, including: * Changing the DAO's avatar/profile picture * Editing the DAO description * Adding/removing official social media links (Twitter, Discord, etc.) * Uploading new documents (whitepapers, regulations, etc.) * Removing outdated documents ## 1. Basic DAO Settings

Once you've updated the avatar and description text, added/removed social links, and managed the document library, check the change. If everything looks good, click "Next." ## 2. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use metagovernance delegation. ## 3. Basic proposal info

Provide a clear title and comprehensive description so members understand what's being proposed. Review and click "Vote & Create Proposal" to launch the proposal and self-vote. ## 4. Create a proposal

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to tweak your DAO's core profile information. # 2. Change Voting Settings ## How to change Voting Settings: Duration, Quorum, Minimums and Other Parameters

This template allows you to propose modifying the parameters around different voting types in your DAO. Conveniently update settings like voting duration, quorum minimums, token requirements and more across multiple voting types simultaneously. Changing voting settings through a single proposal saves time and gas fees compared to making these changes separately. Simply select which voting types you want to update parameters for. To use the template:

On the proposal creation page, tick the checkboxes next to the voting types you want to modify. For example, you may select "**General Voting**" and "**Token Distribution**". Then click "Next". ## 1. General Voting Setting #### Vote Delegation

Next, decide if members can[ delegate their votes ](/delegated-governance)to others. Enabling delegation allows members to assign their voting power to trusted experts or advisors in the community, facilitating better decision-making by leveraging their expertise. This also saves time and gas fees, while members retain the ability to withdraw delegated votes anytime. We recommend enabling delegation for more decentralized and efficient governance. #### Member's Voting Rules

This section allows you to define key parameters of your DAO's voting process: * **Quorum** – The quorum is the minimum percentage of voting power needed to accept or reject a proposal. For example, setting a 50% quorum means at least 50% of voting power must participate for the vote to count. Aim for a quorum that's high enough to represent the community, but not so high it's difficult to achieve. Between 30-50% is a good starting point for most DAOs. You can adjust the quorum later through governance if needed. Higher quorums enhance decentralization but may stall proposals. * **Duration** – The duration sets how long the voting period will last for regular proposals. Choose a duration that gives members reasonable time to review proposals, discuss, and vote. Common ranges are 3-7 days. Shorter durations accelerate decision-making, while longer ones allow more discussion. Consider your community's needs. Like quorum, you can modify the duration through governance after launch. * **Execution Delay** – The execution delay sets a buffer between the end of voting and proposal execution. For example, a 1-day delay means the proposal can't be executed until 1 day after voting concludes. The delay provides a grace period for members to exit the DAO if they disagree with the outcome. Set this just long enough for members to react but not so long it stalls execution. Secure enough votes for a quorum in your DAO to enable customization and governance. Start with smaller values and increase gradually over time. #### Activate/deactivate validator's voting stage for General Voting

Validators add an extra layer of security and oversight to your DAO's governance through a secondary vote. Validators are trusted members who vote on proposals after the main community vote. They act like a board of directors, providing an additional safeguard against malicious proposals. Their approval is required for proposals to be executed. Validator votes use a separate validator token, created in the next steps. This token cannot be transferred, keeping the validators fixed. Validators also have special powers like proposing urgent changes without a full vote when needed to maintain the DAO. #### Validator Voting settings

Here, set the quorum, duration, and execution delay for the validation vote stage. Validator voting takes effect after the main voting phase. #### Early Vote Completion

You have the option to enable early completion of votes once quorum is reached. If enabled, voting will end immediately when the minimum quorum threshold is hit, without waiting for the full duration. For example, if your quorum is 50% and duration is 7 days: * Without early completion: Voting continues for the full 7 days even if quorum is reached on day 2. * With early completion: Voting ends as soon as ≥50% participate, like on day 3. Enabling early completion can accelerate decision-making since votes finish faster when quorum is achieved ahead of schedule. However, there are some tradeoffs: * Members have less time to change their minds or switch votes. * Discussions may be cut short before everyone has fully debated. * When voting rewards are enabled, it will not burn extra tokens. Ultimately, it depends on your DAO's needs. Faster-moving organizations may benefit from ending votes early when possible. However, other DAOs may prefer giving the full pre-defined duration for decisions. We recommend enabling early completion for governance optimization. #### Set Minimums

This section allows you to define the minimum number of votes members must hold to: * Create proposals * Participate in votes **Proposal Creation Minimum** This sets how many votes a member needs to be able to create a proposal. Requiring even just 1 or 2 votes ensures members have skin in the game before proposing changes. You want active participation, but avoid setting this so high it limits community voices. **Voting Minimum** This defines the minimum votes required to actually cast a vote on proposals. Again, even a 1 vote minimum helps prevent bots/spam votes while still allowing broad participation. Balance keeping voting accessible with making sure voters are real stakeholders. #### Community Rewards for General Voting

Enabling community rewards allows your DAO to incentivize participation through token distributions. You can establish rewards for: * **Voting Rewards** – These incentives are awarded to members who vote on accepted proposals. The reward amount is proportional to the member's voting power used. Voting rewards encourage turnout for important decisions. * **Proposal Creation Rewards** – These rewards compensate members who author proposals that get accepted. They incentivize members to contribute ideas and take initiative. You set a fixed token amount per accepted proposal. * **Transaction Execution Rewards** – These offsets the gas costs of executing transactions related to accepted proposals. They ensure active members aren't losing money governing your DAO. You again set a fixed token reward amount per transaction. Consider enabling all three types to engage your community. However, be thoughtful - excessive rewards could incentivize low-value proposals and votes, depleting your DAO's treasury. Balance the reward amounts to achieve your goals and leave room for adjustment through governance later. Enabling community rewards is powerful, but requires diligence to maximize community benefit sustainably. {% hint style="info" %} Learn more about the Rewards system at the [link.](/rewards-system) {% endhint %}

Check your desired changes to those voting parameters and click "Next." ## 2. Token Distribution Settings

Now modify the "Token Distribution" voting settings as needed and click "Next". ## 3. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use metagovernance delegation. ## 4. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template any time you want to tweak and optimize your DAO's voting rules and processes. # 3. Change Voting Model ## How to change the Voting Model of the DAO

Here, you can choose a math model that affects the settings of proposals, voting, vote delegation, and rewards for active users. You can select from the following models that have been previously considered: Linear Voting Model, Meritocratic Non-Linear Voting, and Custom Logic. For instance, if you choose Custom Logic, you need to follow these steps: 1. Firstly, you must understand how Custom Logic works and [read the requirements for this model](https://docs.dexe.network/guides/creating-dao/customizing-dao/votepower). 2. Then, you need to input the address of your smart contract. 3. Ultimately, you'll have to wait for the review of your settings, which may take some time. Check the change and if everything looks good, click "Next." ## 2. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Choose a token from the treasury. Specify the quantity and insert the recipient's address. Proceed with the standard process of creating a proposal, as described earlier. Please review your changes one last time before you click "Next." These changes cannot be undone once the proposal reaches the quorum and is executed. ## 1. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use metagovernance delegation. ## 2. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

With the DeXe DAO Studio, you can initiate a Token Sale for your DAO treasury through smart contracts in a flexible, autonomous, and decentralized manner. ## 1. Base settings

1. Once you select the "Token Sale" template, click "Start". You'll need to provide detailed information, such as the token being sold and sale parameters. Make sure the token you want to sell is already in your DAO treasury. If not, replenish the treasury before setting up the sale.

2. Next, choose which asset(s) you want to accept in exchange for the token. Select one or more trading pairs. Any proceeds from the sale will be added to your treasury in the paired assets you enabled.

3. Optionally, you can set investment limits per wallet address. This allows you to control the minimum and maximum buy-in amounts. Leave the limits at 0 for an unlimited sale.

4. Set the start and end times for the token sale period. The timezone will be UTC. Once you've configured all the sale details, click "Next" to proceed to vesting parameters. ## **2. Vesting Schedule**

Establishing the parameters for the vesting schedule pertaining to the DAO token sale is a recommended course of action: 1. **Unlock.** When setting up your DAO, you'll need to decide when tokens will be unlocked. Unlocking tokens makes them available for use or transfer. You can choose to unlock all tokens at the start of the project or gradually unlock them over time. 2. **Vesting.** The vesting option allows you to set a schedule for when tokens will be released. Vesting is a process in which tokens are released or become available over a certain period of time. This can help align the interests of token holders with the long-term success of the project. For example, you might choose to vest tokens over a period of four years, with a certain percentage of tokens becoming available each year. 3. **Cliff.** A cliff is a period of time at the beginning of the vesting schedule during which no tokens are released. Once the cliff period is over, a large portion of tokens is released, and then the rest of the tokens are released gradually according to the vesting schedule. The purpose of a cliff is to ensure that token holders are committed to the project for at least a certain minimum amount of time. When setting up your DAO, you'll need to decide whether to include a cliff and, if so, how long it should be. 4. **Release Frequency.** This option allows you to set how often tokens are released once the vesting period begins. For example, tokens might be released monthly, quarterly, or annually. The release frequency can affect the token's market price and the behavior of token holders. When setting up your DAO, consider the potential impact of release frequency on the project and choose a schedule that aligns with your goals. ## 3. Whitelist

For a more private token sale, consider implementing a whitelist that includes only approved wallet addresses. These addresses will receive notifications upon connecting to DeXe, and will also be granted non-transferable NFTs. Additionally, an address list can be incorporated by copying and pasting addresses, ensuring they are separated by either a comma or a space. ## 4. Summary It is highly recommended to thoroughly review the sale configuration prior to creation, as any changes to the settings can only be made through a subsequent vote.

If desired, multiple token sales can be established simultaneously by following the provided link. Alternatively, if only a single sale is required, proceed with the standard proposal creation process by clicking 'Next'. ## 5. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use metagovernance delegation. ## 6. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to tweak your DAO's core profile information. # Participating in Token Sale Learn how to join a fully decentralized on-chain Token Sale on [DeXe dApp](https://app.dexe.io/) and claim tokens according to the vesting schedule. {% hint style="info" %} **Make sure your have:** * *enough native tokens (ETH, BNB, etc.) to cover gas fees;* * sufficient balance of the payment asset you’ll use (e.g., USDT). For private sales, your wallet must be **whitelisted** — otherwise, participation won’t be possible. {% endhint %} ### 1. Choose the Token Sale Find the **Token Sales** tab on the DAO page and select the sale you want to join.

### 2. Explore Sale Details Each sale page displays the key details — token, price, pairs, limits, and progress. If vesting applies, you’ll also see the cliff and full vesting schedule, with exact start and end dates on the right panel. {% hint style="info" %} **Cliff** – initial lock period before unlocks start. **Vesting** – time during which tokens gradually unlock after the cliff. **Release frequency** – how often tokens unlock (e.g. monthly, weekly). {% endhint %}

### 3. Buy Tokens Once you’ve reviewed the details, enter the amount you’d like to buy.

Approve and confirm the purchase — all done! ### 4. Claim Tokens **The cliff or vesting period begins once the sale is finalized.** Tokens unlock gradually and can be claimed on the same Token Sales page.

Each time you claim, the unlocked tokens are **automatically transferred from the treasury to your wallet.** {% hint style="info" %} If a **cliff** is active, no tokens can be claimed until the cliff ends. The **Next Unlock** timer shows when the next portion becomes claimable. {% endhint %} # 6. Manage Validators ### How to add or remove Validators You can also control validators. In DeXe DAO Studio, validators are like security guards. They are chosen people or systems that watch over the organization's actions and vote on approved ideas, making sure the DAO's money is safe. DAO members can choose or remove validators, ensuring everyone has a fair say and keeping things decentralized. Validators also handle everyday costs, making things run smoothly with clear, responsible actions. ### 1. Add/Remove Validators

Designate trusted DAO members as validators for a secondary vote on passed proposals, filtering out potentially malicious ones. Validators can also initiate exclusive votes on special proposals. ### 2. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use[ metagovernance ](/meta-governance)delegation. ### 3. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to manage DAO's Validators. # 7. Token Allocation for Validators ### How to setup token allocation for validators from the Treasury

Establish token rewards for validators from the Treasury by specifying the number of tokens to be automatically disbursed to their wallets on a monthly basis. ### 2. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use [metagovernance ](/meta-governance)delegation. ### 3. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to establish regular rewards for Validators from the Treasury. # 8. Blacklist management ## How to add or remove the wallet addresses to the blacklist

Utilize the blacklist feature to limit or restore voting capabilities associated with specific addresses within the DAO. Addresses may be added or removed from the blacklist through the standard proposal process, following the prompts provided by the interface. This feature may be utilized in instances where a member consistently violates community rules or disrupts DAO activities, potentially resulting in the revocation of their ability to vote or create proposals. ### 2. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use [metagovernance ](/meta-governance)delegation. ### 3. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to manage the blacklist of your DAO. # 9. Reward multiplier NFT ## How to set Reward Multiplier NFT The Reward Multiplier NFT in the DeXe DAO ecosystem incentivizes active token holder participation by applying a multiplier [to base rewards for voting and proposal creation](/rewards-system). The multiplier varies depending on the specific NFT held, obtainable through various DAO activities or secondary market trading. This feature encourages engagement and ensures the DAO is guided by invested members. ### 1. Reward Multiplier NFT setup

You may activate the Reward Multiplier NFT feature. Conversely, you can deactivate it if you wish to disassociate it from your DAO.

Kindly input the address of your pre-existing NFT collection, or leave it blank to generate a collection within DeXe Studio. Additionally, you have the option to efficiently upload a .csv file containing the list of recipients for a streamlined process.

To set up the Reward Multiplier NFT feature for your DAO, follow these steps: 1. **Upload Avatar** – Choose an image file that will represent the NFT collection visually. This will be the avatar or image that NFT holders will see. 2. **Provide Recipient Addresses** – Enter the wallet addresses of DAO members who should receive the Reward Multiplier NFTs. You can add as many addresses as needed by separating them with commas or spaces. Alternatively, you can upload a .csv file containing the list of recipient addresses for easier bulk addition. 3. **Set Expiration Date** – Specify the date when the reward multiplier benefits tied to these NFTs will expire. After this date, NFT holders will no longer receive increased rewards. 4. **Configure Reward Multiplier** – Set the reward multiplier value that will apply to base rewards for voting and submitting proposals. For example, if the multiplier is set to 2x, NFT holders will earn double the usual rewards compared to non-NFT holders. Once you have configured the avatar, recipient addresses, expiration date, and reward multiplier value, click the "Next" button. ### 2. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use[ metagovernance ](/meta-governance)delegation. ### 3. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal.

If the quorum is reached, NFTs will be distributed to the recipient's wallets after proposal execution.

Users need to activate the NFT in their profile to claim rewards with the multiplier. Click "Activate" and sign the transaction.

Once your NFT is activated and locked, you will receive rewards according to the NFT multiplier. Only one NFT with a rewards multiplier can be used by the user simultaneously in DAO. Use this template whenever you want to manage the Reward multiplier NFTs. # 10. Add Local Experts ## How to add local experts This template allows the appointment of local experts to your DAO. A Local Expert is appointed within a specific DAO, and their authority is limited to that DAO. These experts can be delegated tokens from the treasury of the respective DAO. With this template, you can propose adding trusted individuals or entities as Local Experts for your DAO. These experts can then provide valuable domain-specific knowledge, advice, and services to guide the DAO's decisions and operations within their area of expertise. Some key points about Local Experts: * Their influence is scoped only to the DAO they are appointed in, ensuring decentralization across DAOs. * DAO can allocate tokens from its treasury to the Local Expert as compensation for their contributions. * Local Experts can be consulted for informed opinions and recommendations on relevant proposals. * They act as subject matter specialists, enhancing the DAO's collective intelligence in that domain. To use this template, provide details about the proposed Local Expert, their areas of expertise, and the scope of their responsibilities. The community can then evaluate and vote on appointing them through the standard proposal process. {% hint style="info" %} Learn more about experts [at the link.](/experts) {% endhint %} ## 1. Local expert application

Please enter the address of the proposed expert in the designated field. Subsequently, assign a name to your proposal and furnish a comprehensive description outlining the rationale for your nomination as a local expert within this DAO. It is crucial to provide ample information to facilitate an informed decision-making process for the DAO members. Once completed click "Next." ## 2. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use[ metagovernance ](/meta-governance)delegation. ## 3. Create a proposal

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to add local experts to your DAO. # 11. Remove Local Experts ## How to remove Local Experts To revoke a Local Expert's status, a proposal must be created outlining the reasons for removal. The community then votes on this proposal. If the proposal passes, the tokens delegated to the Local Expert from the DAO's treasury are automatically returned. However, the Local Expert can still vote on their removal using their own tokens or tokens delegated from individual members' balances, not the DAO treasury tokens. Removing Local Experts follows a transparent process, ensuring experts remain accountable and aligned with the DAO's goals. It upholds decentralization and community governance principles within the DAO ecosystem. {% hint style="info" %} Learn more about experts[ at the link.](/experts) {% endhint %} ### 1. Remove an Expert

Provide the expert's address, name the proposal, and describe it. Please explain why you want to take out this expert. Give enough details so that the DAO members can understand your reasons and make a good decision based on the information provided. Using clear and simple language will help ensure everyone can understand your proposal easily. If everything looks good, click "Next." ### 2. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use[ metagovernance ](/meta-governance)delegation. ### 3. Create a proposal

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to remove local experts from your DAO. # 12. Delegate tokens from the Treasury ## How to delegate tokens from the Treasury DAO members can[ delegate ](/delegated-governance)their own tokens to experts, allowing the experts to vote on proposals with that voting power within the specific DAO. This gives experts a direct influence on the DAO's decision-making process proportional to the tokens delegated to them. However, it's important to distinguish this from token delegation from the DAO's treasury to an appointed Local Expert. As explained earlier, a Local Expert can be delegated tokens directly from the DAO's treasury through a successful community proposal. To delegate treasury tokens to a Local Expert, a standard proposal must be created specifying the expert and the number of tokens to be delegated. If the proposal passes, the designated tokens from the treasury are transferred to the Local Expert's wallet address, granting them voting rights equal to those tokens within that DAO. ## Select an Expert and Token amount

Select the desired expert from the list.

Specify the desired number of tokens. Once completed, click "Next." ### 1. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use [metagovernance ](https://docs.dexe.io/~/changes/ucljUMda48QElmatJL27/meta-governance)delegation. ### 3. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to delegate to experts tokens from the Treasury. # 13. Revoke tokens to the Treasury ## How to revoke tokens to the Treasury Just as DAO members can delegate their own tokens to experts, granting them voting power, they also retain the ability to revoke those delegated tokens at any time. This allows members to reclaim their voting influence within the DAO as needed. Similarly, the DAO itself can revoke tokens previously delegated from its treasury to a Local Expert. To initiate this process, a new proposal must be created to revoke the token delegation. If this proposal passes a successful community vote, the tokens are automatically returned from the Local Expert's wallet to the DAO's treasury. Revoking delegated treasury tokens from a Local Expert follows these key points: * It requires a new proposal and community vote to pass * If successful, delegated tokens are transferred back to the DAO treasury * This removes the Local Expert's voting power derived from those tokens * The DAO retains flexibility to adjust token delegations as needed This ability to revoke token delegations upholds the principles of decentralized governance within the DAO ecosystem. It ensures that token allocations to experts can be modified based on changing DAO requirements or community sentiment. ## 1. Select an Expert and Token amount

Select the desired expert from the list.

Specify the desired number of tokens. Once completed, click "Next." ## 2. Select the proposal creation method

Select if you'll create this proposal directly with your tokens, or use [metagovernance ](/meta-governance)delegation. ## 3. Basic proposal info

Specify the number of tokens you want to use and confirm the transactions.

Click "Create" to launch the proposal, sign the transaction in your wallet and self-vote.

Once live, participate in discussions around your voting changes proposal. If the quorum is reached, the new parameters will go into effect after execution. Use this template whenever you want to revoke tokens delegated to experts to the Treasury. # Off-chain proposals Off-chain proposals facilitate ideation, discussion, and consensus-building without immediately executing on-chain actions. They allow validating concepts and gauging community sentiment before advancing to binding on-chain proposals. Off-chain proposals offer a risk-free environment to explore ideas, refine proposals, and gather feedback from DAO members before incurring gas costs or executing smart contracts. Three flexible voting options are available: Yes/No, Multiple Choice, and Ranking Votes. Once consensus is achieved, off-chain proposals aligned with on-chain proposal types can seamlessly transition to that stage, enabling the execution of validated concepts on the blockchain-based on community approval. Off-chain proposals foster an open discourse environment, nurturing collaborative thinking and well-informed decision-making within the decentralized organization. ### Create Off-Chain Proposal Template

This is the title and description for the template that will be saved among other templates. Provide a brief, understandable title for your proposal template. This title will represent the template in the DAO; other DAO members can use it for future proposals. #### Choose the voting type:

**For/Against Voting:** Similar to on-chain voting, this type allows users to determine whether they support the initiative or not.

**Single-Choice Option:** This voting method permits users to select one option from several, making it ideal for decisions where a single choice needs to be made among alternatives.

**Multiple-Choice Option:** In this voting style, users can choose multiple options simultaneously. It proves beneficial when prioritizing or selecting multiple options from various choices.

Adjust the minimum voting power for your vote, and click Next.

Share the details of your proposal and give it a clear name to ensure voters quickly understand its purpose. A well-explained yet concise description helps DAO members make informed decisions when casting their votes. After that, click “Vote & Create” and proceed with voting. ### Create Off-chain proposal

Find and select your created template among the proposal templates.

Fill in the template you created and click Create Proposal. Once created, announce the discussion in your DAO. Remember to actively participate in the discussion and answer questions from the community. After the voting is over, you can draw conclusions about the community's opinion and whether your proposal has a chance to reach the necessary quorum. If the decision is positive and requires on-chain actions for implementation, then proceed to create an on-chain vote using one of our templates. # How to vote in DeXe DAO Studio Watch the short video guide for a quick video tutorial on **voting, claiming rewards, and withdrawing tokens back to your wallet**. {% embed url="" %} ## How to find the proposal First of all, find the proposal you want to vote for. This can be done in several ways: ### Notifications

If you have subscribed to notifications within your DAO, you can stay informed about any new proposals that may arise through messengers or web push. ### DAO profile page

Open the [DeXe DAO Studio app](https://app.dexe.io/), find your DAO and click on it to access the profile page.

You can find the latest proposals directly on the DAO profile page.click on "View All Proposals" to see all the proposals: active, accepted,

If you haven't found the proposal you're looking for, click on "All Proposals" to see all the proposals: active, accepted and rejected.

To see the proposals available for voting now, click on the "Active" tab. Watch the video for more information on navigating the DAO profile page: {% embed url="" %} ## Off-chain Member’s voting ### What is off-chain voting used for Off-chain proposals facilitate ideation, discussion, and consensus-building without immediately executing on-chain actions. It allows for validating concepts and gauging community sentiment before advancing to binding on-chain proposals. Off-chain proposals offer a risk-free environment to explore ideas, refine proposals, and gather feedback from DAO members before incurring gas costs or executing smart contracts. Three flexible voting options are available: **Yes/No**, **Multiple Choice**, and **Ranking Votes**. Once consensus is achieved, off-chain proposals aligned with on-chain proposal types can seamlessly transition to that stage, enabling the execution of validated concepts on the blockchain based on community approval. ### How off-chain voting works Voting on offline proposals works as follows: when a proposal is created, a snapshot of all token holders' balances is automatically taken, and their voting power is calculated based on these balances at that moment. If you top up your governance tokens balance after the start of the voting, you will not be able to vote on that proposal from that wallet. This is done to prevent multiple voting from different wallets using the same tokens. {% hint style="info" %} Offline voting does not incur gas fees, but [rewards ](/rewards-system#voting-rewards)are also not distributed. Since offline voting is gas-free, participation does not earn rewards and does not require on-chain execution. {% endhint %} ### How to vote off-chain

Enter the selected active proposal. Familiarize yourself with the proposal and comments. If you have any further questions, participate in the discussion. Once you have made your decision, select the suitable option and click "Vote for proposal".

After clicking on Vote, you will see your voting power calculated based on the snapshot taken when the voting was created. If it is sufficient to participate in the voting, confirm your decision.

Congratulations on voting and contributing to the community's decision-making process. Following the acceptance of decisions that require subsequent implementation in the protocol, an on-chain proposal is usually created. ### How to revoke my vote You can modify your decision during the off-chain voting process by voting for a different option or withdrawing your vote entirely.

Click on "Cancel vote" to revoke your vote if you have changed your decision.

Now you can vote again or abstain from voting. ## On-chain Member’s voting ### What is on-chain voting used for On-chain voting is a governance mechanism that records results on the blockchain and triggers the execution of a transaction that performs the function specified by the proposal type. This can involve various actions, such as assigning user roles within the DAO, transferring funds from the treasury, executing custom contracts, and more. On-chain voting guarantees transparent and secure execution of decisions made through the DAO's predetermined rules and reflects the community's will. {% hint style="info" %} On-chain voting implies gas fees for proposal creation, voting, and execution. However, DeXe DAO Studio has a reward mechanism that compensates DAO members for these costs and encourages participation in governance. You can check if any rewards are activated in the DAO on the DAO voting rules page. {% endhint %} ### How on-chain voting works Let's break down how on-chain voting works. First, DAO members are presented with a proposal. They then have the option to vote either '**For**' or '**Against**' the proposal. This vote is recorded on the blockchain, ensuring transparency and security. #### Quorum One key concept in on-chain voting is the quorum. This is the total number of '**For**' or '**Against**' votes needed to approve or reject a proposal. It acts as a threshold, ensuring that a defined part of the community has expressed their opinion before making a decision. In the DeXe DAO Studio, different quorums can be set based on the proposal's nature and impact. For instance, fundamental changes to the DAO rules can require a higher quorum than regular proposals. #### Voting minimum Each DAO created with DeXe DAO Studio has a Voting Minimum. This specifies the minimum number of votes required to actually cast a vote on proposals. The Voting Minimum helps prevent bots/spam votes while still allowing broad participation. If you see a message that your balance is insufficient to vote, check your governance token balance and the necessary minimums on the DAO Voting Rules page. #### Voting duration You can see how much time is left until the end of voting on the active proposal. The total duration of voting for various proposals is specified in DAO voting settings. Still, the DAO can change it by proposal and voting at any time. {% hint style="info" %} You can view voting durations for different types of proposals on the DAO voting rules page. {% endhint %} Some proposals may have parameters that allow **early vote completion**, which means the voting will end immediately when the minimum quorum, either "for" or "against, is reached without waiting for the entire voting duration. #### Voting Rewards This reward is given to those who vote for proposals the DAO has accepted. In this case, members who vote "For" will receive rewards proportionate to their voting power. The distribution of voting rewards is based on the percentage of tokens involved in voting and is allocated to members according to their voting power. {% hint style="info" %} To learn more about rewards go to the [rewards system ](/rewards-system#voting-rewards)page. {% endhint %} #### Discussions In DeXe DAO Studio, discussion on proposals can be conducted directly within the active proposal. In the DAO settings, the minimum required amount of governance tokens can be set to view, comment, and participate in discussions. This helps to combat spam and promotes productive discussions and better engagement of DAO members in the process. Participate in discussions, ask your questions to the proposal author, and enhance the quality of governance. ### How to vote on-chain

Carefully review the proposal and comments. Then, click on "Vote now."

Choose whether you are voting for or against the proposal.

Enter the number of tokens, and click "Unlock". If you are voting for the first time, you will need to perform several transactions. {% hint style="info" %} During on-chain voting, tokens are temporarily locked in the smart contract for the voting period. You can withdraw them back to your wallet at any time, but if you do so before the end of the voting period, your vote will not be counted. {% endhint %}

Confirm the unlocking of tokens on your wallet and click "Confirm voting".

Confirm your vote in your wallet by clicking "Confirm". You can see the estimated gas fee for the transaction.

Congratulations, you have voted! Until the end of the voting period, you can vote additionally if you have not used your entire balance for voting, and you can also [cancel your vote](#docs-internal-guid-b9784611-7fff-fa52-914f-d120dab9dfc9). If the members voting reach a quorum and approve the proposal, the next step is either the [Validators voting](#docs-internal-guid-5983acba-7fff-3c29-9aee-ddb70c2a5c41) or [executing the proposal](#docs-internal-guid-2360a755-7fff-5a96-694a-f3bb52a2099f), depending on the DAO's settings. ### How to revoke my vote You have the flexibility to change your decision during the on-chain voting process by either voting for the opposing option or retracting your vote entirely.

Press "Revoke my vote" to cancel your vote if you have changed your decision.

Sign the transaction and wait for the confirmation of success. You can now choose to cast your vote again or refrain from voting. ### Validators voting Validators are trusted members who vote on proposals after the main community vote. Validators add an extra layer of security and oversight to your DAO's governance through a secondary vote. Voting of validators begins after the end of members voting if the DAO has accepted the proposal. Their approval is required for proposals to be further executed. Validator votes use a separate validator token.

Any member can initiate the validator voting process by clicking on the button and signing the transaction. A gas fee is charged for this action.

Once the validator voting starts, validators can proceed to vote. To verify your validator status, you can check the DAO profile page.

Select the number of tokens and click "Confirm vote" and sign the transaction.

Congratulations on casting your vote. Now, it's time to proceed with the execution. ### Proposal Execution Once an on-chain proposal achieves the necessary number of votes, it advances to the execution phase where the suggested changes are implemented within the on-chain protocol. To proceed with the execution, identify the proposal that has been successfully voted on and is currently labelled as "Ready to execute."

Press the "Execute Proposal" button to proceed. You will also be able to view the transaction fee for the transaction in your wallet.

Congratulations, you have successfully executed the proposal. Further actions required for on-chain implementation will occur automatically. {% hint style="info" %} Transaction Execution Rewards may be provided for proposal execution in the DAO, similar to rewards for voting. You can check if they are enabled on the DAO Voting Rules page. These rewards help cover the expenses for executing transactions post-proposal acceptance. Learn more about rewards [here](/rewards-system#reward-types). {% endhint %} ### Rewards claiming and Token withdraw

To claim your rewards, visit your profile page. Choose a DAO where you have voted, find your new rewards, and then press “Claim.”

You can also withdraw your tokens back to your wallet after voting by clicking “Withdraw”.

Choose the number of tokens you want to withdraw back to your wallet, click "Confirm withdraw", then sign the transaction.

Congratulations, you have successfully withdrawn your tokens back to your wallet. Check the balance on your wallet. For the next voting, you will need to deposit tokens into the Protocol again, as described in the section ["How to vote on-chain".](#how-to-vote-on-chain) All rewards are distributed from the DAO treasury. Any token in the DAO Treasury can be assigned as a reward token. To view the token assigned for reward distribution and other reward settings, check the DAO Voting Rules page. Rewards will be credited even if the reward token in the treasury has an insufficient balance or is unavailable. In such cases, you can claim your rewards later once the treasury has adequate balance for the reward token. \ Vote, earn rewards, and contribute to better governance! # Experts In DeXe DAO Studio, proposals are the primary means of making changes, upgrades, and decisions. ## **Experts** Experts are individuals or collective DAOs recognized within the DAO community for their proficiency in specific fields. They play a crucial role by reviewing, analyzing, and offering insights on proposals pertinent to their expertise. Their function is to ensure decisions are well-informed, technically viable, and advantageous for the ecosystem. ### **Local Experts** Local Experts can be individuals or DAOs acknowledged by a specific DAO for their expertise and reliability. They are distinguished by their ability to be delegated tokens, a feature not available to regular members. In a linear governance model, every token equals one vote; hence Local Experts do not inherently possess more voting power. In contrast, within a meritocratic model, their votes may have more influence than those of ordinary members. ### **Global Experts** Global Experts, designated by the DeXe DAO, hold privileges across the protocol: * **Badge of Distinction:** A special badge identifies them as Global Experts. * **Universal Delegation:** They can receive token delegations from any DAO, irrespective of their status as a Local Expert. * **Proposal Influence:** They are entitled to create and comment on on-chain proposals across DAOs without needing to hold tokens of those DAOs. * **Accountability:** Their status can be revoked by DeXe if they act detrimentally to the protocol's interests. Like Local Experts, Global Experts can be individuals or collective entities. Their key benefit is the capacity to receive token delegations from across the DAO network. Their voting power, particularly in a meritocratic model, can exceed that of standard users, depending on several factors including delegated votes and their token holdings. ### **Voting Power of Experts and Delegated DAOs** The voting influence of Experts and DAOs with delegated power reflects their collective expertise. Their votes on proposals, therefore, have a substantial impact, especially on matters requiring specialized knowledge. While they have enhanced voting power, it's balanced with the wider community's participation to prevent centralization of authority. {% hint style="info" %} Learn the detailed explanation of Expert's voting power in meritocratic governance [at the link](/meritocratic-governance#expert-function). {% endhint %} # Delegated governance Members can delegate governance tokens to any member of their DAO. It lets them transfer decision-making power to other DAO members or [experts](/experts), allowing them to withdraw their tokens anytime. When delegating, tokens are locked in a smart contract, and only their owner can revoke them. For delegated tokens, the voting power is recalculated according to the formulas of those to whom they are delegated. For instance, if a nonlinear function is used, ordinary DAO members and experts may have different calculations for voting power. In this case, DAO members can delegate their tokens to experts with higher voting power coefficients to use them more effectively. At the same time, users can withdraw their tokens at any moment, even during active voting in which the delegated tokens are participating. The voting results will be automatically recalculated. However, withdrawing tokens during active voting can increase gas fees since the results must be recalculated. The delegation system allows you to save time and gas costs by transferring your voting power to a trusted DAO member or expert. The DAO can also delegate tokens from its Treasury, which allows more tokens to be used in actual governance and attracts authoritative and competent parties to the organization. This feature is essential in the design of next-generation DAOs, as it can significantly increase the base quorums for decision-making. Currently, most DAOs use low quorums that a group of large stakeholders, such as the team or investors, easily achieves. At the same time, a significant portion of tokens remains inactive in the Treasury. It undermines the original essence of DAOs as decentralized organizations and demotivates ordinary DAO members, as they feel they need direct support from major stakeholders to influence voting outcomes. Thanks to the DeXe Protocol's transparent delegation tool, DAOs can distribute some of the Treasury tokens among competent experts, advisors, or other friendly DAOs. It can increase quorums from the current nominal 5% to a fair 50+%. The organization's activity can become truly decentralized, unbiased, and transparent with such quorums. In combination with precise incentive mechanisms, such structures can achieve much greater efficiency in their operations. # Meritocratic Governance ## Challenges of Existing Voting Models DeXe has identified significant weaknesses in the current methodologies after a meticulous examination of various voting systems. The **linear voting model**, which parallels the standard direct democratic system, fails to recognize the expertise or knowledge levels of the participants. In this model, each vote is equal, regardless of the voter's competence and trust. It's a scenario where the vote of a random person holds the same weight as that of a Nobel laureate, provided they have an equal number of tokens. Moreover, linear voting does not safeguard against the risk of plutocracy, where power becomes concentrated in the hands of a few individuals with substantial resources. **Square root voting**, offered as a potential remedy by notable figures, including Vitalik Buterin, has its own traps. In particular, using the square root function in quadratic voting can be manipulated. With this function, when *√x > x* (for values between 0 and 1), where *x — is token balance*, and *y — is voting power*, it allows for synergistic manipulation. Participants could split their large token holdings into numerous smaller wallets, exploiting this function to amplify their influence without incurring extra costs.

Therefore, both of these approaches exhibit significant limitations, inadequately addressing the expertise of participants, the risks of power concentration and manipulations. DeXe Protocol DAO is pursuing a more balanced and resilient system that diminishes these shortcomings and paves the way for broad parties engagement on equitable terms. ## Conceptual Objectives Recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of existing models, DeXe has intentionally chosen a path of piecewise linear and nonlinear functions and has established the following criteria for the mathematical model of vote tallying and reward distribution. ### **Combatting Plutocracy and Monopoly** The more tokens that are concentrated in one's hands, the less effective the voting power calculation should be – this helps prevent the accumulation of too much influence by any single party. As the number of tokens in a balance increases, the function for calculating voting power will deliberately slow down its growth. ### **Meritocracy** The chosen mathematical model must account for the presence of experts and specialists whose determination is regulated by the DAO itself and whose voting efficiency is greater than that of an average token holder. Moreover, the distribution of voting efficiency among different experts can also vary. ### **Preventing Sybil Attacks and Manipulations** Nonlinear functions must prevent exploitation in areas where they exceed the value of the linear function **y = x** (where **y** — is voting power, and **x** — is token balance). Users should not be able to distribute their token balances across multiple wallets and exploit the vote/reward counting function in areas with the most efficient growth. ### **Proportionality of Vote Strength to Rewards** If the model includes rewards, they should be distributed proportionally to the voting power according to the respective nonlinear functions. Firstly, this incentivizes the delegation of tokens to experts for whom the voting power calculation functions are more favourable than for regular holders. Furthermore, it discourages delegating all tokens to a single expert, as the more tokens an expert holds, the fewer rewards will be paid out for each token. ## Mathematical Logic DeXe Protocol DAO employs a nonlinear voting system that accounts for more than just the number of tokens held; it also factors in the DAO's level of trust in the voter and a variety of other controlled and customizable parameters to ensure the organization's balanced operation. At the heart of DeXe Protocol DAO's vote calculation are piecewise-defined functions allowing precise control over voting power values across all ranges, minimizing the risk of manipulation. To construct these nonlinear dependencies, the Protocol utilizes polynomial functions of the 4th and 3rd degree.

The graph displays three functions, each illustrating how the voting power increases with the number of tokens for different cases: 1. The function for regular DAO members — the ordinary token holders. 2. The function for experts who have been granted the relevant status within the DAO, in case if 100% of the tokens are either on their own balance or delegated from the private balances of regular DAO members. This function assigns more weight to the votes of those selected by the DAO's decision. 3. The function for experts whose tokens are 100% delegated from the treasury. As shown, tokens delegated from the Treasury confer even greater weight to the experts' votes, reflecting the DAO's exceptional trust in such entities mirrored in the strength of their vote. 4. In cases where experts have tokens delegated to them both from the balances of regular DAO members and from its treasury, the function for calculating voting power will yield an intermediate value between functions 2 and 3. This value is proportionate to the ratio of tokens delegated from the treasury to those delegated by regular DAO members plus any tokens from the expert's own balance. ### Members’ function The function for regular DAO members is a piecewise dependence consisting of two ranges: from 0% to 7% of the token's Total Supply, there's a standard linear function where the voting power is equal to the number of tokens; from 7% to 100% of the Total Supply, it's a third-degree polynomial that gradually slows its growth, preventing the concentration of power with large token holdings on a single DAO member's balance. Unlike the square root function, this dependency prevents potential manipulations with low token balances, avoiding the exploitation of rapid function growth at smaller ranges. Thanks to its piecewise nature, the developed dependence is more balanced and secure. $$V\_{m}(t) = \begin{cases} k\_m \Bigg(7 \cdot TS \cdot \frac{1}{100} + a \left(\frac{100t}{TS} - 7\right) \ \quad + b \left(\frac{100t}{TS} - 7\right)^2 + c \left(\frac{100t}{TS} - 7\right)^3\Bigg)\frac{TS}{100}, & \text{for } t \geq 7% \text{ of } TS \\\ t, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$ **Where:** **`V_m`** — voting power for regular DAO members **`t`** — token balance of a voter ***`TS`** — total supply of a DAO* ***`k_m`** —* the slope factor for the function applied to DAO members. By default, the value of *k\_m* = 0.97 **`a`**, **`b`**, **`c`** — parameters, which are defined to best suit the mathematical and conceptual objectives. By default, there value is: ***a** = 1.041* ***b** = -0.007211* ***c** = 0.00001994* ### Expert function The function for regular experts is a piecewise-defined 4th-degree polynomial composed of two ranges, each with its own set of coefficients for each partial. The piecewise nature of the functions allows for more precise control over the voting power value. The basis is the core function ***V\_exp*****(*****t*****)**. For each expert, this base function will have its own slope coefficient, ***k***, within a specific range. By default, ***k*** is within the range \[0.92; 1.08]. If all tokens are delegated to the expert from the DAO's treasury, their ***k*** coefficient will be 1.08 — the maximum value. If all tokens are delegated to the expert by regular DAO members or are owned by the expert, ***k*** will be at the minimum value of 0.92. In cases where an expert has tokens delegated from both the treasury and regular members, their coefficient ***k*** is calculated based on the proportion of these tokens, indicated as ***R** (R=1, when 100% tokens are from the treasury and R=0, when 100% tokens are from the members' balances)*. The formula for the ***k*** parameter is as follows: $$k = k\_{\text{min}} \cdot R + k\_{\text{max}} \cdot (1 - R)$$ Therefore, the value of the expert function will be determined within the range of the piecewise-defined function *V*exp(*t*) with k\_min = 0.92 and \*k\_\*max = 1.08: $$V\_{exp}(t) = \begin{cases} k \Bigg(a + b \left(\frac{100t}{TS} - 6.63\right) + c \left(\frac{100t}{TS} - 6.63\right)^2 \ \quad + d \left(\frac{100t}{TS} - 6.63\right)^3 + e \left(\frac{100t}{TS} - 6.63\right)^4\Bigg)\frac{TS}{100}, & \text{for } t \geq 6.63% \text{ of } TS \\\ k \Bigg(f \left(\frac{100t}{TS}\right)^4 + g \left(\frac{100t}{TS}\right)^3 \ \quad + h \left(\frac{100t}{TS}\right)^2 + i \left(\frac{100t}{TS}\right)\Bigg)\frac{TS}{100}, & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$ **Where:** **`V_exp`** — voting power **`t`** — token balance of a voter ***`TS`** — total supply of a specific DAO* ***`k`** — the slope factor for the function applied to experts of a DAO. By default, the value of k varies from 0,92 to 1,08 depending on the proportion of tokens delegated from the treasury and from members wallets or owned tokens. The greater the proportion of tokens delegated from the treasury, the higher the value of k, and consequently, the higher the values the function will reach.* **`a`, `b`, `c` , `d` , `e` , `f` , `g` , `h` , `i`***— parameters, which are defined to best suit the mathematical and conceptual objectives. By default, there value is:* ***`a`** = 8.83755895036092* ***`b`** = 1.130* ***`c`** = -0.006086* ***`d`** = 0.00004147* ***`e`** = -0.000000148* ***`f`** = -0.001328* ***`g`** = 0.023761* ***`h`** = -0.169889* ***`i`** = 1.801894* # Meta-governance

The diagram above illustrates a multi-tier governance structure involving an expert from some Local DAO, an Expert DAO, and a Technical Infrastructure sub-DAO, leading to the execution of a transaction. ## Case example #### Implementing a new feature in a DeFi platform Imagine a DeFi platform governed by a DAO that has several expert sub-DAOs, that operate together to make decisions and implement changes. ### **Step 1: Local DAO Expert** An expert member of some Local DAO, which represents a specific community, comes up with an innovative idea to introduce a new feature, (e.g. more efficient oracle, which is a part of a DeFi platform technical infrastructure). The expert, after thorough research, conceptualizes the new feature. Then the expert creates a detailed proposal outlining the benefits, technical requirements, and potential risks associated with implementing the new feature. The Local DAO members discuss the proposal and vote on it. A quorum is reached when enough members vote in favor, signaling a consensus. ### **Step 2: Expert DAO** The proposal is then escalated to the Expert DAO, — a DAO composed of seasoned experts from various Local DAOs. This DAO has some delegated voting power, indicated by tokens from the Technical Infrastructure sub-DAO, and can vote for some significant decisions. The Expert DAO reviews the proposal, potentially modifying it with more technical details or risk assessments. After thorough discussion and consideration, the Expert DAO reaches a quorum, indicating agreement on the proposal. ### **Step 3: Technical Infrastructure sub-DAO** With the approval from the Expert DAO, the proposal moves to the Technical Infrastructure sub-DAO, which is responsible for the technical implementation and maintenance of the DeFi platform. The sub-DAO members vote, and a quorum is achieved, confirming that the technical aspects are sound and the implementation can proceed. ### **Step 4: Transaction Execution** Once all the necessary DAOs have reached a consensus, the transaction to implement the new oracle is executed. In the case of a DeFi platform governed by a DAO, this step could also involve smart contract updates, integration of new liquidity pools, adjustments to existing algorithms, etc. — This case exemplifies how a structured, multi-tiered DAO governance system can work together to bring about changes in a DeFi platform, ensuring that decisions are made democratically at various levels of expertise and responsibility.
# Rewards System Existing DAOs struggle with low activity due to incentive imbalance. Members who invest time and cover costs in decision-making do not receive more benefits than less active members. This lack of differential rewards demotivates active participation, leading to decision-making often falling to a small, engaged group. This imbalance undermines both motivation and the principles of decentralized governance in DAOs. Incentivizing DAO members through rewards for their significant contributions to the organization's activities is an essential strategy. This approach encourages high-quality contributions and compensates members for the time and gas fees they incur. DeXe DAO Studio has designed a flexible rewards system that you can easily customize yourself when creating a DAO or later via proposal and voting. ## Reward types DeXe DAO Studio has implemented three main types of rewards for the user voting phase that you can enable in your DAO: ### Voting Rewards This reward is given to those who vote for proposals the DAO has accepted. In this case, individuals who vote "For" will receive rewards proportionate to their voting power. The distribution of voting rewards is based on the percentage of tokens involved in voting and is allocated to members according to their voting power. ### Proposal Creation Rewards This crucial type of reward is given for creating a proposal that the DAO later accepts. Such rewards encourage members to take the initiative. However, useless or not accepted proposals are not rewarded, ensuring that DAO members need to prove value to earn the reward and that the DAO does not waste funds. In this type of reward, you set a fixed number of token rewards for creating a proposal. ### Transaction Execution Rewards This reward offsets the costs for those executing transactions after a proposal is accepted. You set a specific number of token rewards for transaction execution. ## Voting Rewards Distribution ### Total number of rewards The allocation of rewards in a given voting process is determined by the total number of tokens participating in this vote. For instance, if the DAO voting rewards are set at 1%, the aggregate reward received by all members will be equivalent to 1% of the total tokens utilized in the voting process. {% hint style="success" %} Hint: You can configure the percentage of the voting power, that will be rewarded for voting, when creating the DAO or change it later with a DAO decision. {% endhint %} ### Distribution of rewards between voting participants The allocation of rewards to voters is determined based on their Voting Power (VP). Various voting systems within the DeXe DAO Studio use different methods to calculate Voting Power. Let's look at them in detail. ### **Linear Voting** In this model, all votes are counted linearly, equivalently to the number of tokens held. Therefore, voting power changes directly to the number of tokens of DAO members, and rewards will be distributed according to the number of tokens they use to vote. ### **Meritocratic Non-linear Voting or Custom Logic** In Meritocratic Non-linear or Custom Voting Logic, the voting power does not equal the number of tokens. All the rewards are distributed proportionally to the Voting Power. You can read how voting power is calculated In the Meritocratic Non-linear voting system [at the link](https://whitepaper.dexe.network/meritocratic-governance/mathematical-logic). ### Experts and delegators rewards An Expert is a person or DAO trusted by the community of another DAO who is granted this status through a proposal and voting process. Members can delegate governance tokens to any member of their DAO. It lets them transfer decision-making power to other DAO members or experts, allowing them to withdraw their tokens anytime. When delegating, tokens are locked in a smart contract, and only their owner can revoke them. Learn more about experts [by the link.](https://docs.dexe.io/advanced-features/experts) {% hint style="info" %} Delegating tokens to an expert with a high VEI is more profitable than voting by yourself. {% endhint %} If the DAO has experts with a higher voting rate, it is beneficial for members to delegate tokens to experts because they have higher voting power coefficients than other members. However, it is necessary to consider that according to the Meritocratic Non-linear voting system, as the number of tokens on the balance increases, the function of calculating the voting power will deliberately slow down its growth. When deciding whether to delegate to a particular expert, it is necessary to consider his **Voting Efficiency Index (VEI).** $$VEI=VotingPower/TokenNumber$$ \ Consequently, in this voting model only experts can have a VEI of more than 1, and delegating to experts with a greater VEI is beneficial. ### Expert voting rewards distribution Let's look at the distribution of voting rewards among experts and delegates. Ordinary DAO members receive 80% of the rewards from tokens they delegate, while experts receive a 20% commission. ### Rewards distribution for delegated from DAO Treasury Tokens The DAO can also delegate tokens from its Treasury, which allows more tokens to be used in actual governance and attracts authoritative and competent parties to the organization. Experts can use tokens delegated from the Treasury for voting and receive rewards, as well as those delegated by DAO members, but rewards are distributed in other proportions. Experts receive 1.618% of the rewards for tokens delegated from the Treasury. The remaining 98.382% are returned to the Treasury. ### NFTs with rewards multiplier DeXe DAO Studio allows customization for adjusting the additional multiplier for voting rewards within the NFT for DAO members. The NFT collection is created through a proposal and voting using the appropriate template. You can customize the NFT validity time and the multiplier of the rewards received. The NFT with reward multipliers is the top calculation level and is applied after all other reward calculation formulas. For example, look at the Dexe Protocol NFT rewards campaign and read how it works [at the link](https://dexenetwork.medium.com/the-rewards-program-within-the-dexe-protocol-dao-66d0ffbfc8d5). ## DeXe Protocol rewards commissions DeXe Protocol and DeXe DAO Studio are free to use, except for commission on token sales and rewards. Reward fees are directed to DeXe Protocol DAO's treasury to contribute to the further development of the protocol and decentralized governance technologies. The current reward fee rate is 30%. ## Rewards claiming To get the rewards, you have to claim them on your profile page. Also, you can withdraw your tokens back into your wallet here. All the rewards are distributed from the DAO treasury, and any token from the treasury can be assigned as a reward token. You can always check which token is assigned for rewards distribution and other rewards settings on the Voting Rules DAO page. Rewards are credited even if the reward token has an insufficient balance in the treasury or is missing. In this case, you can claim your reward later, when the treasury will have enough reward token balance. See more about how to get rewards in our video: {% embed url="" %} # Staking The Staking feature in DeXe DAO Studio is a transformative tool designed to enhance member engagement, incentivize active participation, and support the growth of DAOs. This feature empowers DAO participants to lock their governance tokens and earn rewards while contributing to the stability and governance of their community. Let's explore how staking works in DeXe, its key benefits, and how DAOs can effectively leverage this functionality. ### **Key Features of Staking in DeXe DAO Studio** #### **1. Rewards for Participation** * Participants can stake all or part of their governance tokens in one or multiple programs. * Staking rewards are distributed directly from the DAO Treasury. * Rewards are proportional to the number of tokens staked and the duration of staking. * This direct connection between contributions and rewards encourages active and dynamic participation. #### **2. Integrated Governance** * Staked tokens remain eligible for voting, ensuring participants maintain their influence in governance. * Staking and governance are seamlessly integrated, balancing incentives and decision-making power. #### **3. Customizable Staking Programs** * DAOs can define parameters for staking programs, including: * Governance and reward tokens. * Staking duration and reward pool allocation. * Up to 10 staking programs can run simultaneously, providing flexibility for different community needs. * Programs are activated through community proposals and voting, ensuring transparency and alignment with DAO goals. #### **4. Audited and Secure** The staking mechanism has undergone a thorough audit by [**AmbiSafe**](https://www.ambisafe.com/assets/audits/DeXe-Platform-StakingProposal-Update-Code-Audit-And-Verification.pdf), ensuring robust security and transparency. #### **5. Transparent and Informative** Each staking program displays clear metrics, including: * Total rewards and locked tokens. * Current Annual Percentage Rate (APR). * Remaining time in the program. *** ### **How to Activate Staking in Your DAO** 1. **Navigate to Proposals > Launch Staking Proposal.** 2. **Configure the staking program:** * Select governance tokens for staking. * Define reward tokens and allocate the reward pool (limited by the DAO Treasury balance). * Set the staking duration (minimum: 1 hour, maximum: 273 years). * Add a descriptive title and summary for the program. 3. **Sign the transaction for staking activation:** This step is required only the first time activating staking in DAO, after this activation, all subsequent staking proposals will skip this step. 4. **Submit the proposal for voting.** 5. **Upon approval and execution:** * The staking tier is automatically created. * Staking becomes active for the DAO. ### **Participating in Staking** 1. Open the **Staking Tab** on your DAO’s profile page. 2. Explore available staking programs, reviewing details such as: * Reward pools and locked tokens. * Remaining time and current APR. 3. Select a program, specify the token amount, and confirm your stake. 4. Monitor your staking progress in real-time, including: * Amount staked. * Remaining duration. * Updated APR and participant count. *** ### **Reward Distribution** At the end of the staking period, rewards are distributed proportionally based on: * The number of tokens staked. * The duration of staking participation. Participants can claim their rewards directly through the **Staking Tab**. # Voting logic Several configurable parameters for voting are set for different types of proposals: **Quorum** – the minimum amount of voting power ("Yes" – in favour; or "No" – opposed) to accept or decline a proposal (respectively). **Duration of voting** - the period during which the main voting phase occurs. **Execution delay** - the time interval after the end of the main voting phase during which the proposal cannot be executed. In the case of proposals with consequences that some organization members may disagree with, this gives them time to exit the organization. **Early voting completion** - a parameter that determines whether the main voting phase can be prematurely concluded if the quorum "for" or "against" is reached early. When [creating a DAO](/creating-a-dao.-getting-started), the following are configured: 1. **General voting settings** are applied by default to all types of proposals. 2. **Changing voting settings** rules for modifying parameters needed to change the general voting settings. After creating a DAO, flexible parameters can be configured for different types of proposals using proposal changes to regulate the difficulty of decision-making depending on the potential consequences of each type of proposal. Separate voting rules can be configured for individual executor contracts, each of which can handle multiple types of proposals with similar execution mechanics. Additionally, when creating a DAO, minimum governance token balances are configured to create a proposal and participate in voting. ### On-chain voting On-chain proposals refer to a voting mechanism where the results are recorded on the blockchain and trigger the execution of a transaction performing the function specified by the type of proposal. This could involve various actions such as assigning roles within the DAO, transferring funds from the treasury, executing custom contracts, etc. This ensures that decisions made through voting are executed transparently and securely, following the predetermined rules of the DAO. In on-chain voting, users always have the option to vote either "for" or "against" a given proposal. To acknowledge a proposal, the total "for" or "against" votes must meet a predetermined quorum. Once the quorum is reached, the majority of votes either "for" or "against" decides if the proposal is accepted or rejected. The required % of DAO’s governance token total supply needed for a quorum can vary for different types of proposals. Some proposals may have parameters that allow for early completion; if the voting reaches the required quorum either "for" or "against", the voting process can be closed prematurely. Users only see the voting results once the proposal has been completed, reducing the chance for speculative voting or herd behaviour motivated by rewards and statistics. ### Off-chain voting Off-chain proposals are a feature where the results don’t trigger any actions on the blockchain but are instead recorded in the backend. These proposals are essential for validating ideas or bringing up topics for discussion. They don’t require Validators' voting and execution and are particularly useful for preliminary consensus building. Once an off-chain proposal is accepted, it can be converted to an on-chain proposal if its nature aligns with one of the available on-chain proposal types, allowing for the execution of tangible actions on the blockchain based on community consensus. For off-chain proposals, there are three types of voting available: 1. **For/Against Voting:** Similar to on-chain voting, this type allows users to determine whether they support the initiative or not. 2. **Single-Choice Option:** This voting method permits users to select one option from several, making it ideal for decisions where a single choice needs to be made among alternatives. 3. **Multiple-Choice Option:** In this voting style, users can choose multiple options simultaneously. It proves beneficial when prioritising or selecting multiple options from various choices. ## Validator's voting Validator voting is the second round activated when configuring the Validators assigned during creating a DAO or when making further changes to the DAO's constitution. It is an additional security measure designed to protect the DAO from malicious proposals and manipulations, similar to double-factor authentication. After the main voting phase, the Validator voting begins. Validators use a separate token that cannot be transferred to another wallet. Validator voting takes effect after the main voting phase and also has its own quorum and voting duration settings. After the Validator voting ends, the proposal is either accepted and proceeds to the execution stage or rejected. Additionally, Validators have their own types of proposals that they can conduct without involving the entire DAO. These proposals are essential for managing the DAO's sustainability processes that do not require full DAO participation to avoid slowing down operations. ## Voting Models Navigating governance in a decentralized world presents a unique set of challenges. Traditional frameworks often struggle to balance efficiency and inclusivity and rarely scale well with the community's evolving needs. The Protocol suggests a solution to this challenge with various voting models. When you create a DAO, you can choose a governance logic that best suits your objectives. ### Linear Voting Linear governance is a clear-cut approach where each token grants one vote, providing simple and direct decision-making. Such a configuration is ideal for small organizations with uncomplicated tasks that do not require complex governance logic. While easy to understand and implement, the linear model doesn't leverage the full capabilities of the Protocol. In this model, all votes are counted linearly, equivalently to the number of tokens held. Features like expert functionality and token delegation are underutilized in such DAOs. The reason is that an expert's vote is treated the same as a regular token holder's vote, regardless of their level of expertise or trust within the DAO community. Additionally, this model does little to combat the consolidation of power, as any number of tokens can be concentrated in a single wallet without diminishing voting strength. **Advantages:** * Ease of Use: The linear voting model is easy to understand and implement. * Clarity in Vote Counting: The method for tallying votes is transparent and straightforward. **Disadvantages:** * Underutilization of Platform Features: The model doesn't motivate users to delegate tokens to experts, thus not taking full advantage of the platform's functionalities. * Lack of Power Decentralization: No mechanisms to discourage the concentration of tokens (and, thus, power) in a single wallet. No deterring factors or incentives exist to encourage the delegation of tokens. * Lack of Flexibility. ### Nonlinear Voting Weighted voting is a nonlinear voting system designed to determine the voting power based not just on token balance but also on various parameters aimed at enhancing governance efficiency and establishing a more flexible voting logic. Nonlinear functions in this system serve to prevent plutocracy — the concentration of power in the hands of a few — by slowing down the increase in voting power as a token balance grows. This mechanism better reflects the voices of the community and diminishes the influence of large token holders. Furthermore, weighted voting considers different coefficients when tallying votes for different groups, fully embracing the role of experts within a DAO. It creates mechanisms for building competent communities where expertise can be rewarded in decision-making processes. Ordinary DAO members can delegate their tokens to qualified experts who vote on behalf of regular holders, thus enhancing the significance of their tokens. It also saves time and gas fees by delegating decision-making to trusted experts. DeXe Protocol DAO has introduced a specially designed governance model focusing on knowledge, expertise, and participant contributions. This model contains a combination of mathematical and conceptual measures that counteract the concentration of power in a single party, considering expertise in vote counting and encouraging active involvement by incentivisation mechanisms. **Advantages:** * Antiplutocratic: promotes a democratic and equitable voting structure by mitigating power dominance. * Power of expertise: rewards knowledge and expertise over mere token ownership. * Flexible in design: enhances adaptive approach in designing DAOs with complex structures and specific needs. **Disadvantages:** * More challenging to implement: demands a complex approach for implementation, requiring a more profound knowledge of math models. DeXe Protocol DAO has developed its weighted voting model, which will be elaborated on in the section about the concept of Meritocratic Governance below. This model incorporates mathematical and conceptual solutions, blending linear and nonlinear functions to achieve practical decision-making tools. It incentivizes DAO members, encourages competent decisions, and enhances protection against malicious actions that could disrupt the DAO's operations. As with the entire Protocol, this model is open-source and will be available for selection when creating a DAO on the DeXe Protocol. ### Custom voting logic The Protocol offers the ability to customize your voting model by integrating it as a custom contract that meets all the necessary Protocol standards. When setting up a custom voting logic, the DAO creator assumes full responsibility for tallying votes and distributing rewards for voting, as the Protocol cannot guarantee the security of user-designed solutions. However, DeXe Protocol DAO encourages the discovery of more advanced and forward-thinking governance models and therefore provides this capability out-of-the-box. The Protocol includes all the necessary methods for connecting custom contracts for the voting model. # Glossary This glossary defines and explains terms and concepts you may encounter in the documentation for better understanding.

Term	Definition
BAB Token, Soulbound token	A Soulbound token is a non-transferable digital token that represents your personal achievements, affiliations, and experiences. Unlike regular NFTs, SBTs cannot be sold or traded, serving as verifiable proof of your skills, education, or community memberships in the emerging "Decentralized Society". DeXe DAO Studio provides an option to require the Binance Account Bound (BAB) token in addition to DAO governance token. This helps prevent sybil attacks from users with multiple accounts.
Decentralized Autonomous Organization, DAO	A form of organization where decisions are made through proposals and voting based on rules encoded in smart contracts.
Delegate	The user who receives delegated tokens for governance purposes.
Delegated governance	Members can delegate governance tokens to any member of their DAO. It lets them transfer decision-making power to other DAO members or experts, allowing them to withdraw their tokens anytime. When delegating, tokens are locked in a smart contract, and only their owner can revoke them.
Delegator	The user delegating assets to another user for governance purposes.
DeXe DAO Studio	DeXe DAO Studio is a cutting-edge platform designed for the creation and management of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). It is a comprehensive solution for users to initiate and govern a DAO with ease. DeXe DAO Studio is built on top of the DeXe Protocol.
DeXe Protocol	The DeXe Protocol is an ecosystem of 50+ smart contracts for building and governing effective DAOs.
Early Vote Completion	A parameter that determines whether the main voting phase will end immediately after the quorum "for" or "against" is reached without waiting for the entire duration.
Execution Delay	The time interval setting a buffer between the end of voting and proposal execution. For example, a 1-day delay means the proposal can't be executed until one day after voting concludes. The delay allows members to exit the DAO if they disagree with the proposal's outcome.
Experts	Individuals or collective DAOs, recognized within the DAO community for their proficiency in specific fields. They play a crucial role by reviewing, analyzing, and offering insights on proposals pertinent to their expertise. Their function is to ensure decisions are well-informed, technically viable, and advantageous for the ecosystem.
Gas Fees	Gas fees in blockchain are commissions paid by users to compensate for the computing energy required to process and validate transactions on the network. The amount of gas fees can vary depending on the network's congestion and the complexity of the transaction.
Global experts	Can be individuals or collective entities, like Local Experts. Their key benefit is the capacity to receive token delegations from across the DAO network. In a Meritocratic Voting Model, their Voting Power can exceed standard users depending on several factors, including delegated votes and token holdings.
Governance Token	Represents voting power in DAO. Members must hold governance tokens to create proposals and vote.
Linear Voting Model	A governance model where each token grants one vote, providing simple and direct decision-making, is ideal for small organizations with uncomplicated tasks that do not require complex governance logic. However, this model does little to combat the consolidation of power, as any number of tokens can be concentrated in a single wallet without diminishing voting strength.
Live Active Users, LAU	Metric that indicates the level of participation and engagement within the DAO. Calculated in % as a ratio of active DAO members participating in governance to all governance token holders. LAU = (Number of Active members/Total Number of members)×100
Local Experts	Individuals or DAOs acknowledged by a specific DAO for their expertise and reliability. They are distinguished by their ability to be delegated tokens, a feature not available to regular DAO members. In the Meritocratic Voting Model, their votes may have more influence than ordinary members.
Meta-governance	The hierarchical structure where one DAO's vote influences decisions in another DAO.
NFT Rewards Multipliers	DeXe DAO Studio allows the adjustment of the additional multiplier for voting rewards within the NFT for DAO members.
NFT voting power	The quantity of votes given by certain NFT.
Nonlinear Meritocratic Voting Model	A governance model designed by DeXe specifies voting power based not just on token balance but also on various parameters to enhance governance efficiency and establish a more flexible voting logic. Nonlinear functions in this system prevent plutocracy — the concentration of power in the hands of a few — by slowing down the increase in voting power as a token balance grows.
Off-chain voting	The voting mechanism in which the results don't trigger any actions in the blockchain but are recorded in the backend. These proposals are essential for validating ideas or bringing up topics for discussion.
On-chain voting	A voting mechanism in which the results are recorded in the blockchain and trigger the execution of a transaction performing the function specified by the type of proposal. This could involve various actions such as assigning roles within the DAO, transferring funds from the treasury, token distribution, executing custom contracts, etc.
Proposal	A formal suggestion or idea presented by a member for consideration and potential approval by the community through voting. In DeXe DAO Studio is created using convenient templates.
Proposal Creation Rewards	A fixed number of tokens will be given to the accepted proposal author as compensation for gas fees, incentivizing members to contribute ideas and take the initiative.
Proposal Execution	Triggering on-chain actions after a proposal is approved. Once the voting phase is finished and the proposal meets the conditions for approval, it can be executed via the relevant executor contract on-chain. To initiate execution, one of the DAO members should find an accepted proposal and execute it. This requires a transaction, though the DAO can set a small reward for executing proposals to cover transaction fees.
Quorum	The minimum amount of voting power; "Yes" – in favour; or "No" – opposed, to accept or decline a proposal respectively.
Rewards System	A flexible rewards system designed by DeXe DAO Studio to incentivize DAO members through bonuses for their significant contributions to the organization's activities. This approach encourages high-quality contributions and compensates members for the time and gas fees they incur.
Transaction Execution Rewards	A fixed number of tokens will be given as rewards to users who execute accepted proposals, offsetting gas fees.
Total Value Governed, TVG	Metric indicating in USD equivalent how many governance tokens (GT) are currently controlled by this DAO. Calculated as a sum of all governance tokens (GT) in the treasury, governance tokens (GT) delegated to this DAO and all governance tokens locked in other Dao's votings on behalf of this DAO. TVG = GT in treasury+GT received as delegations+GT locked in other DAOs votings
Total Value Locked, TVL	Metric indicating in USD equivalent how many tokens are locked in this DAO. Calculated as a sum of all assets in treasury, all governance tokens (GT) delegated by DAO, and all governance tokens locked in DAO member votings. TVL = Assets in treasury+GT delegated by DAO+GT locked in voting.

Treasury	A pool of funds managed collectively by a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). Any actions with the Treasure funds are only available through on-chain transactions executed after the DAO members vote and accept the proposal. The Treasury is used to fund projects, operations, and investments decided upon through the DAO’s governance processes, where members vote on how funds should be allocated and used.
Validator Token	Holding this token confirms the Validator's status in the DAO and allows them to participate in Validator voting.
Validator voting	Validators voting is an extra layer of security oversighting your DAO's governance through a secondary vote, which takes place after the member's voting phase. Validators use a separate Validator Token.
Validators	Validators are trusted members who vote on proposals after the main community vote. They act like a board of directors, providing an additional safeguard against malicious proposals. If validator's voting is enabled in DAO, their approval is required for proposals to be executed. Validators also have special powers, such as proposing urgent changes without a full vote when needed to maintain the DAO.
Validators-Only Proposals	Validators can conduct their own types of proposals without involving the entire DAO. These proposals are essential for managing the DAO's sustainability processes, which do not require full DAO participation to avoid slowing down operations.
Vote Delegation	Allows DAO members to assign voting power to trusted experts or advisors in the community, facilitating better decision-making by leveraging their expertise. This also saves time and gas fees, while members retain the ability to withdraw delegated votes anytime.
Voting Duration	The period during which the voting phase occurs.
Voting Efficiency Index, VEI	In a Meritocratic Non-linear voting system, as the number of tokens on the balance increases, the function of calculating the voting power deliberately slows down its growth. VEI allows one to see how beneficial it is to delegate to a particular expert. VEI=VotingPower/TokenNumber
Voting minimums	Minimum number of votes members must hold to: Create proposals Participate in votings View and comment on proposals Setting minimums helps prevent spam and ensure meaningful engagement.
Voting power	A parameter that determines the weight of members' voting in DAO. In the Linear Voting Model, each token provides one vote, and the total Voting Power equals the number of tokens a member holds. In the Non-linear Meritocratic Voting Model, voting power is based not just on token balance but also on various parameters. For example, non-linear functions slow down the increase in voting power as a token balance grows.
Voting Rewards	Is given to those who vote for proposals the DAO has accepted. In this case, individuals who vote "For" will receive rewards proportionate to their voting power. The distribution of voting rewards is based on the percentage of tokens involved in voting and is allocated to members according to their voting power.
Voting rules	DAO Voting Rules are predefined settings for different types of proposals fixed in protocol smart contracts. Can be modified by proposals and voting.